Karma
by
Annie
Besant
THE THEOSOPHICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE
Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India • Wheaton III., USA
First Edition 1895
Second " 1897
Third " 1905
PREFACE
FEW words are needed in sending this little book out into the world. It is
the fourth of a series of manuals designed to meet the public demand for a
simple exposition of theosophical teachings. Some have complained that our
literature is at once too abstruse, too technical, and too expensive for the
ordinary reader, and it is our hope that the present series may succeed in
supplying what is a very real want. Theosophy is not only for the learned;
it is for all. Perhaps among those who in these little books catch their
first glimpse of its teachings, there may be a few who will be led by them
to penetrate more deeply into its philosophy, its science, and its religion,
facing its abstruser problems with the student's zeal and the neophyte's
ardour. But these manuals are not written for the eager student, whom no
initial difficulties can daunt; they are written for the busy men and women
of the work-a-day world, and seek to make plain some of
the great truths that render life easier to bear and death easier to face.
Written by servants of the Masters who are the Elder Brothers of our race,
they can have no other object than to serve our fellow-men.
CONTENTS
Preface |
|
Introduction
|
1 |
The Invariability of Law |
|
The Planes of Nature |
|
The Generation of Thought |
|
Activity of Thought Forms |
|
The Making of Karma in
Principle |
19 |
The Making of Karma in
Detail |
29 |
The Working out of
Karma |
44 |
Facing Karmic
Results
|
57 |
Building the
Future
|
60 |
Moulding
Karma
|
62 |
The Ceasing of Karma
|
70 |
Collective
Karma
|
75 |
Conclusion
|
81 |
Introduction
EVERY thought of man upon being evolved passes into the inner world, and
becomes an active entity by associating itself, coalescing we might term it,
with an elemental—that is to say, with one of the semi-intelligent forces of
the kingdoms. It survives as an active intelligence—a creature of the mind's
begetting—for a longer or shorter period proportionate with the original
intensity of the cerebral action which generated it. Thus a good thought is
perpetuated as an active, beneficent power, an evil one as a maleficent
demon. And so man is continually peopling his current in space with a world
of his own, crowded with the offspring of his fancies, desires, impulses and
passions; a current which reacts upon any sensitive or nervous organization
which comes in contact with it, in proportion to its dynamic intensity. The
Buddhist calls it his "Skandha"; the Hindu gives it the name of " Karma".
The Adept evolves these shapes consciously; other men throw them off
unconsciously.1
1 The Occult World, pp. 89, 90, Fourth Edition.
2
No more graphic picture of the essential nature of karma has ever been given
than in these words, taken from one of the early letters of Master K. H. If
these are clearly understood, with all their implications, the perplexities
which surround the subject will for the most part disappear, and the main
principle underlying karmic action will be grasped. They will therefore be
taken as indicating the best line of study, and we shall begin by
considering the creative powers of man. All we need as preface is a clear
conception of the invariability of law, and of the great planes in Nature.
The Invariability of Law
That we live in a realm of law, that we are surrounded by laws that we
cannot break, this is a truism. Yet when the fact is recognized in a real
-and vital way, and when it is seen to be a fact in the mental and moral
world as much as in the physical, a certain sense of helplessness is apt to
overpower us, as though we felt ourselves in the grip of some mighty power,
that, seizing us, whirls us away whither it will. The very reverse of this
is in reality the case, for the mighty power, when it is understood, will
obediently carry us whither we will: all forces in Nature can be used in
proportion as they are understood—
3
" Nature is conquered by obedience "—and her resistless energies are at our
bidding as soon as we, by knowledge, work with them and not against them. We
can choose out of her boundless stores the forces that serve our purpose in
momentum, in direction, and so on, and their very invariability becomes the
guarantee of our success.
On the invariability of law depends the security of scientific experiment,
and all power of planning a result and of predicting the future. On this the
chemist rests, sure that Nature will ever respond in the same way, if he be
precise in putting his questions. A variation in his results is taken by him
as implying a change in his procedure, not a change in Nature. And so with
all human action; the more it is based on knowledge, the more secure is it
in its forecastings, for all " accident" is the result of ignorance, and is
due to the working of laws whose presence was unknown or overlooked. In the
mental and moral worlds, as much as in the physical, results can be
foreseen, planned for, calculated on. Nature never betrays us; we are
betrayed by our own blindness. In all worlds increasing knowledge means
increasing power, and omniscience and omnipotence are one.
That law should be as invariable in the mental and moral worlds as in the
physical is to be expected, since
4
the universe is the emanation of the ONE, and what we call Law is but the
expression of the Divine Nature. As there is one Life emanating all, so
there is one Law sustaining all; the worlds rest on this rock of the Divine
Nature as on a secure, immutable foundation.
The Planes of Nature
To study the workings of karma on the line suggested by the Master, we must
gain a clear conception of the three lower planes, or regions, of the
universe, and of the principles 1 related to them. The names given to them
indicate the state of the consciousness working on them. In this a diagram
may help us, showing the planes with the principles related to them, and the
vehicles in which a conscious entity may visit them. In practical occultism
the student learns to visit these planes, and by his own investigations to
transform theory into knowledge. The lowest vehicle, the gross body, serves
the consciousness for its work on the physical plane, and in this the
consciousness is limited within the capacities of the brain. The term
subtle body covers a variety of astral bodies, respectively suitable to the
varying conditions of the very complicated region indicated by the name
psychic plane. On the
1 See, for these, MANUAL I.
5
devachanic plane there are two well-defined levels, the form level and the
formless level; on the lower, consciousness uses an artificial body, the
mayavi rupa, but the term Mind Body seems suitable as indicating that the
matter of which it is composed belongs to the plane of manas. On the
formless level the causal body must be used. Of the buddhic plane it is
needless to speak. Now the matter on these planes is not the same, and
speaking generally, the matter of each plane is denser than that of the one
above it. This is according to the analogy of Nature, for evolution in its
downward course is from rare to dense, from subtle to gross. Further, vast
hierarchies of beings inhabit these planes, ranging from the lofty
intelligences of the spiritual region to the lowest sub-conscious elementals
of the physical world. On every plane spirit and matter are conjoined in
every particle—-every particle having matter as its body, spirit as its
life—and all independent aggregations of particles, all separated forms of
every kind, of every type, are ensouled by these living beings, varying in
their grades according to the grade of the form. No form exists which is not
thus ensouled, but the informing entity may be the loftiest intelligence,
the lowest elemental, or any of the countless hosts that range between. The
entities
ATMA
|
Sushuptic |
|
Buddhi
|
Vehicles
Spiritual Body |
Devachanic |
|
Manas
|
Vehicle
Mind Body
Causal Body |
Psychic or Astral |
Higher Psychic |
Kama-Manas
Kama |
Vehicle
Suble Body |
Lower Psychic |
Physical |
|
Linga Sharira
Sthula Sharira |
Vehicle
Etheric Double
Gross Body |
7
with which we shall presently be concerned are chiefly those of the psychic
plane, for these give to man his body of desire (kama rupa)—his body of
sensation, as it is often called—-are indeed built into its astral matrix
and vivify his astral senses. They are, to use the technical name, the form
elementals (rupa devatas) of the animal world, and are the agents of the
changes which transmute vibrations into sensations. The most salient
characteristic of the kamic elementals is sensation, the power of not only
answering to vibrations but of feeling them; and the psychic plane is
crowded with these entities, of varying degrees of consciousness, who
receive impacts of every kind and combine them into sensations. Any being
who possesses, then, a body into which these elementals are built, is
capable of feeling, and man feels through such a body. A man is not
conscious in the particles of his body or even in its cells; they have a
consciousness of their own, and by this carry on the various processes of
his vegetative life; but the man whose body they form does not share their
consciousness, does not consciously help or hinder them as they select,
assimilate, secrete, build up, and could not at any moment so put his
consciousness into rapport with the consciousness of a cell in his heart as
to say exactly
8
what it was doing. His consciousness functions normally on the psychic
plane; and even in the higher psychic regions, where mind is working, it is
mind intermingled with kama, pure mind not functioning on this astral plane.
The astral plane is thronged with elementals similar to those which enter
into the desire body of man, and which also form the simpler desire body of
the lower animal. By this department of his nature man comes into immediate
relations with these elementals, and by them he forms links with all the
objects around him that are either attractive or repulsive to him. By his
will, by his emotions, by his desires, he influences these countless beings,
which sensitively respond to all the thrills of feeling that he sends out in
every direction. His own desire body acts as the apparatus, and just as it
combines the vibrations that come from without into feelings, so does it
dissociate the feelings that arise within into vibrations.
The Generation of Thought-Forms
We are now in a position to more clearly understand the Master's words. The
mind, working in its own region, in the subtle matter of the higher psychic
plane,
9
generates images, thought-forms. Imagination has very accurately been called
the creative faculty of the mind, and it is so in a more literal sense than
many may suppose who use the phrase. This image-making capacity is the
characteristic power of the mind, and a word is only a clumsy attempt to
partially represent a mental picture. An idea, a mental image, is a
complicated thing, and needs perhaps a whole sentence to describe it
accurately, so a salient incident in it is seized, and the word naming this
incident imperfectly represents the whole; we say "triangle", and the word
calls up in the hearer's mind a picture, which would need a long description
if fully conveyed in words; we do our best thinking in symbols, and then
laboriously and imperfectly summarize our symbols into words. In regions
where mind speaks to mind there is perfect expression, far beyond anything
words may convey; even in thought transference of a limited kind it is not
words that are sent, but ideas. A speaker puts into words such part of his
mental pictures as he can, and these words call up in the hearer's mind
pictures corresponding to those in the mind of the speaker; the mind deals
with the pictures, the images, not with the words, and half the
controversies and misunderstandings that arise come about because
10
people attach different images to the same words, or use different words to
represent the same images.
A thought-form, then, is a mental image, created-—• or moulded—by the mind
out of the subtle matter of the higher psychic plane, in which, as above
said, it works. This form, composed of the rapidly vibrating atoms of the
matter of that region, sets up vibrations all around it; these vibrations
will give rise to sensations of sound and colour in any entities adapted to
translate them thus, and as the thought-form passes outward—or sinks
downward, whichever expression may be preferred to express the
transition—into the denser matter of the lower psychic regions, these
vibrations thrill out as a singing-colour in every direction, and call to
the thought form whence they proceed the elementals belonging to that
colour.
All elementals, like all things else in the universe, belong to one or other
of the seven primary Rays, the seven primeval Sons of Light. The white light
breaks forth from the Third LOGOS, the manifested Divine Mind, in the seven
Rays, the " Seven Spirits that are before the Throne," and each of these
Rays has its seven sub-rays, and so onwards in sequential sub-divisions.
Hence, amid the endless differentiations that make up a universe, there are
elementals
11
belonging to the various sub-divisions, and they are communicated with in a
colour-language, grounded on the colour to which they belong. This is why
the real knowledge of sounds and colours and numbers —number underlying both
sound and colour—has ever been so carefully guarded, for the will speaks to
the elementals by these, and knowledge gives power to control.
Master K.H. speaks very plainly on this colour language. He says:
How could you make yourself understood, command in fact, those
semi-intelligent Forces, whose means of communicating with us are not
through spoken words, but through sounds and colours, in correlations
between the vibrations of the two? For sound, light and colour are the main
factors in forming those grades of intelligences, those beings of whose very
existence you have no conception, nor are you allowed to believe in
them—Atheists and Christians, Materialists and Spiritualists, all bringing
forward their respective arguments against such a belief-—Science objecting
stronger than either of these to such a degrading superstition.1
Students of the past may remember obscure allusions now and again made to a
language of colours; they may recall the fact that in ancient Egypt sacred
1 The Occult World, p. 100.
12
manuscripts were written in colours, and that mistakes made in the copying
were punished with death. But I must not run down this fascinating byway. We
are only concerned with the fact that elementals are addressed by colours,
and that colour-words are as intelligible to them as spoken words are to
men.
The hue of the singing-colour depends on the nature of the motive inspiring
the generator of the thought-form. If the motive be pure, loving, beneficent
in its character, the colour produced will summon to the thought-form an
elemental, which will take on the characteristics impressed on the form by
the motive, and act along the line thus traced; this elemental enters into
the thought-form, playing to it the part of a soul, and thus an independent
entity is made in the astral world, an entity of a beneficent character. If
the motive, on the other hand, be impure, revengeful, maleficent in its
character, the colour produced will summon to the thought-form an elemental
which will equally take on the characteristics impressed on the form by the
motive and act along the line thus traced; in this case also the elemental
enters into the thought-form, playing to it the part of a soul, and thus
making an independent entity in the astral world,
13
an entity of a maleficent character. For example, an angry thought will
cause a flash of red, the thought-form vibrating so as to produce red; that
flash of red is a summons to the elementals and they sweep in the direction
of the summoner, and one of them enters into the thought-form, which gives
it an independent activity of a destructive, disintegrating type. Men are
continually talking in this colour-language quite unconsciously, and thus
calling round them these swarms of elementals, who take up their abodes in
the various thought-forms provided; thus it is that a man peoples his
current in space with a world of his own, crowded with the offspring of his
fancies, desires, impulses and passions. Angels and demons of our own
creating throng round us on every side, makers of weal and woe to others,
bringers of weal and woe to ourselves—verily, a karmic host.
Clairvoyants can see flashes of colour, constantly changing, in the aura
that surrounds every person: each thought, each feeling, thus translating
itself in the astral world, visible to the astral sight.. Persons somewhat
more developed than the ordinary clairvoyant can also see the thought-forms,
and can see the effects produced by the flashes of colour among the hordes
of elementals.
14
Activity of Thought-Forms
The life-period of these ensouled thought-forms depends first on their
initial intensity, on the energy bestowed upon them by their human
progenitor; and secondly on the nutriment supplied to them after their
generation, by the repetition of the thought either by him or by others.
Their life may be continually reinforced by this repetition, and a thought
which is brooded over, which forms the subject of repeated meditation,
acquires great stability of form on the psychic plane. So again
thought-forms of a similar character are attracted to each other and
mutually strengthen each other, making a. form of great energy and
intensity, active in this astral world.
Thought-forms are connected with their progenitor by what—for want of a
better phrase—we must call a magnetic tie; they react upon him, producing an
impression which leads to their reproduction, and in the case mentioned
above, where a thought-form is reinforced by repetition, a very definite
habit of thought may be set up, a mould may be formed into which thought
will readily flow—helpful if it be of a very lofty character, as a noble
ideal, but for the most part cramping and a hindrance to mental growth.
15
We may pause for a moment on this formation of habit, as it shows in
miniature, in a very helpful way, the working of karma. Let us suppose we
could take ready-made a mind, with no past activity behind it— an impossible
thing, of course, but the supposition will bring out the special point
needed. Such a mind might be imagined to work with perfect freedom and
spontaneity, and to produce a thought-form; it proceeds to repeat this many
times, until a habit of thought is made, a definite habit, so that the mind
will unconsciously slip into that thought, its energies will flow into it
without any consciously selective action of the will. Let us further
suppose that the mind comes to disapprove this habit of thought, and finds
it a clog on its progress; originally due to the spontaneous
action of the mind, and facilitating the outpouring of mental energy
by providing for it a ready-made channel, it has now become a limitation;
but if it is to be gotten rid of, it can only be by the renewed
spontaneous action of the mind, directed to the exhaustion and
final destruction of this living fetter. Here we have a little ideal karmic
cycle, rapidly run through; the free mind makes a habit, and is then
obliged to work within that limitation: but it retains its freedom within
the limitation and can work against it
16
from within till it wears it out. Of course, we never find ourselves
initially free, for we come into the world encumbered with these fetters of
our own past making; but the process as regards each separate fetter runs
the above round—the mind forges it, wears it, and while wearing it can file
it through.
Thought-forms may also be directed by their progenitor towards particular
persons, who may be helped or injured by them, according to the nature of
the ensouling elemental; it is no mere poetic fancy that good wishes,
prayers, and loving thoughts are of value to those to whom they are sent;
they form a protective host encircling the beloved, and ward off many an
evil influence and danger.
Not only does a man generate and send forth his own thought-forms, but he
also serves as a magnet to draw towards himself the thought-forms of others
from the astral plane around him, of the classes to which his own ensouled
thought-forms belong. He may thus attract to himself large reinforcements of
energy from outside, and it lies within himself whether these forces that he
draws into his own being from the external world shall be of a good or of an
evil kind. If a man's thoughts are pure and noble, he will attract around
him hosts of beneficent entities,
17
and may sometimes wonder whence comes to him the power for achievement that
seems—and truly seems—to be so much beyond his own. Similarly a man of foul
and base thoughts attracts to himself hosts of maleficent entities, and by
this added energy for evil commits crimes that astonish him in the
retrospect. " Some devil must have tempted me," he will cry; and truly these
demoniac forces, called to him by his own evil, add strength to it from
without. The elementals ensouling thought-forms, whether these be good or
bad, link themselves to the elementals in the man's desire body and to those
ensouling his own thought form, and thus work in him, though coming from
without. But for this they must find entities of their own kind with which
to link themselves, else can they exercise no power. And further,
elementals in an opposite kind of thought-form will repel them, and the good
man will drive back by his very atmosphere, his aura, all that is foul and
cruel. It surrounds him as a protective wall and keeps evil away from him.
There is another form of elemental activity, that brings about widespread
results, and cannot therefore be excluded from this preliminary survey of
the forces that go to make up karma. Like those just dealt with,
18
this is included in the statement that these thought-forms people the
current which reacts upon any sensitive or nervous organization which comes
in contact with it, in proportion to its dynamic intensity. To some
extent it must affect almost everyone, though the more sensitive
the organization the greater the effect. Elementals have a tendency
to be attracted towards others of a similar kind—aggregating together in
classes, being, in a sense, gregarious on their own account—and when a man
sends out a thought-form it not only keeps up a magnetic link with him, but
is drawn towards other thought-forms of a similar type, and these
congregating together on the astral plane form a good or evil force, as the
case may be, embodied in a kind of collective entity. To these
aggregations of similar thought-forms are due the characteristics, often
strongly marked, of family, local and national opinion; they form a kind of
astral atmosphere through which everything is seen, and which colours that
to which the gaze is directed, and they react on the desire bodies of
the persons included in the group concerned, setting up in them responsive
vibrations. Such family, local or national karmic surroundings largely
modify the individual's activity, and limit to a very great extent his
power of expressing the capacities he may possess. Suppose an
19
idea should be presented to him, he can only see it through this atmosphere
that surrounds him, which must colour it and may seriously distort. Here,
then, are karmic limitations of a far-reaching kind, that will need further
consideration.
The influence of these congregated elementals is not confined to that which
they exercise over men through their desire bodies. When this collective
entity, as I have called it, is made up of thought-forms of a destructive
type, the elementals ensouling these act as a disruptive energy and they
often work much havoc on the physical plane. A vortex of disintegrating
energies, they are the fruitful sources of " accidents ", of natural
convulsions, of storms, cyclones, hurricanes, earthquakes, floods. These
karmic results will also need some further consideration.
The Making of Karma in Principle
Having thus realized the relation between man and the elemental kingdom, and
the moulding energies of the mind—-verily, creative energies, in that they
call into being these living forms that have been described —we are in a
position to at least partially understand something of the generation and
working out of karma during a single life-period. A " life-period",
20
I say, rather than a " life ", because a life means too little if it be used
in the ordinary sense of a single incarnation, and it means too much if it
be used for the whole life, made up of many stages in the physical body, and
of many stages without it. By life-period I mean a little cycle of human
existence, with its physical, astral and devachanic experiences, including
its return to the threshold of the physical— the four distinct stages
through which the soul passes, in order to complete its cycle. These stages
are retrodden over and over again during the journey of the eternal pilgrim
through our present humanity, and however much the experiences in each such
period may vary, both as to quantity and quality, the period will include
these four stages for the average human being, and none others.
It is important to realize that the residence outside the physical body is
far more prolonged than the residence in it; and the workings of karmic law
will be but poorly understood unless the activity of the soul in the
non-physical condition be studied. Let us recall the words of a Master,
pointing out that the life out of the body is the real one.
The Vedantins, acknowledging two kinds of conscious existence, the
terrestrial and the spiritual, point only to the latter as
21
an undoubted actuality. As to the terrestrial life, owing to its
changeability and shortness, it is nothing but an illusion of our senses.
Our life in the spiritual spheres must be thought an actuality, because it
is there that lives our endless, never-changing, immortal I, the Sutratma,
. . . This is why we call the posthumous life the only reality, and the
terrestrial one, including the personality itself, only imaginary.1
During earth life, the activity of the soul is most directly manifested in
the creation of the thought-forms already described. But in order to follow
out with any approach to exactitude the workings of karma, we must now
analyse further the term " thought-form", and add some considerations
necessarily omitted in the general conception first presented. The soul,
working as mind, creates a mental image, the primary " thought-form " 2; let
us take the term mental image to mean exclusively this immediate creation of
the mind, and henceforth restrict this term to this initial stage of what is
generally and broadly spoken of as a thought-form. This mental image remains
attached to its creator, part of the content of his consciousness: it is a
living, vibrating form of subtle matter, the Word thought but not yet
1 Lucifer, October 1892, art. " Life and Death."
* See Chapter: THE GENERATION OF THOUGHT FORMS.
22
spoken, conceived but not yet made flesh. Let the reader concentrate his
mind for a few moments on this mental image, and obtain a distinct notion of
it, isolated from all else, apart from all the results it is going to
produce on other planes than its own. It forms, as just said, part of the
content of the consciousness of its creator, part of his inalienable
property; it cannot be separated from him; he carries it with him during his
earthly life, carries it with him through the gateway of death, carries it
with him in the regions beyond death; and if, during his upward travelling
through those regions, he himself passes into air too rarefied for it to
endure, he leaves behind the denser matter built into it, carrying on the
mental matrix, the essential form; on his return to the grosser region the
matter of that plane is again built into the mental matrix, and the
appropriate denser form is reproduced. This mental image may remain
sleeping, as it were, for long periods, but it may be re-awakened and
revivified, every fresh impulse—from its creator, from its progeny (dealt
with below), from entities of the same type as its progeny—increases its
life-energy, and modifies its form.
It evolves, as we shall see, according to definite laws, and the
aggregation of these mental images
23
makes the character; the outer mirrors the inner, and as cells aggregate
into the tissues of the body and are often much modified in the process, so
do these mental images aggregate into the characteristics of the mind, and
often undergo much modification. The study of the working out of karma will
throw much light on these changes. Many materials may enter into the making
of these mental images by the creative powers of the soul; it may be
stimulated into activity by desire (kama), and may shape the image according
to the prompting of passion or of appetite; it may be Self-motivated to a
noble ideal, and mould the image accordingly; it may be led by purely
intellectual concepts, and form the image thereafter. But lofty or base,
intellectual or passional, serviceable or mischievous, divine or bestial, it
is always in man a mental image, the product of the creative soul, and on
its existence individual karma depends. Without this mental image there can
be no individual karma linking life-period to life-period: the manasic
quality must be present to afford the permanent element in which individual
karma can inhere. The non-presence of manas in the mineral, vegetable, and
animal kingdoms has as its corollary the non-generation of individual
karma, stretching through death to rebirth.
24
Let us now consider the primary thought-form in .relation to the secondary
thought-form, the thought-form pure and simple in relation to the ensouled
thought-form, the mental image in relation to the astro-mental image, or the
thought-form in the lower astral plane. How is this produced and what is it?
To use the symbol employed above, it is produced by the Word-thought
becoming the Word-outspoken; the soul breathes out the thought, and the
sound makes form in astral matter; as the Ideas in the Universal Mind become
the manifested universe when they are outbreathed, so do these mental images
in the human mind, when outbreathed, become the manifested universe of
their creator. He peoples his current in space with a world of his own. The
vibrations of the mental image set up similar vibrations in the denser
astral matter, and these cause the secondary thought-form, what I have
called the astro-mental image; the mental image itself remains, as has been
already said, in the consciousness of its creator, but its vibrations
passing outside that consciousness reproduce its form in the denser matter
of the lower astral plane. This is the form that affords the casing for a
portion of elemental energy, specializing it for the time that the form
persists, since the manasic element in the
25
form gives a touch of individuality to that which ensouls it. [How
marvellous and how illuminating are the correspondences in Nature!] This is
the active entity, spoken of in the Master's description, and it is this
astro-mental image that ranges over the astral plane, keeping up with its
progenitor * the magnetic tie spoken of, reacting on its parent, the mental
image, and acting also on others. The life-period of an astro-mental image
may be long or short, according to circumstances, and its perishing does not
affect the persistence of its parent; any fresh impulse given to the latter
will cause it to generate afresh its astral counterpart as each repetition
of a word produces a new form.
The vibrations of the mental image do not only pass downwards to the lower
astral plane, but they pass upwards also into the spiritual plane above it.2
And as the vibrations cause a denser form on the lower plane, so do they
generate a far subtler form—dare I call it form ? it is no form to us —on
the higher, in the akasha, the world-stuff emanated from the LOGOS Itself.
The akasha is the storehouse of all forms, the treasure house
1 See Chapter: THE GENERATION OF THOUGHT FORMS, and also diagram, p. 6.
2 These words downwards and upwards are very misleading; the planes of
course interpenetrate each other.
26
whereinto are poured—from the infinite wealth of the Universal Mind—the rich
stores of all the Ideas that are to be bodied forth in a given cosmos;
thereinto also enter the vibrations from the cosmos—from all the thoughts of
all intelligences, from all the desires of all kamic entities, from all the
actions performed on every plane by all forms. All these make their
respective impressions, the to us formless, but to lofty spiritual
intelligences the formed, images of all happenings, and these akashic
images—as we will henceforth call them—abide for evermore, and are the true
karmic records, the Book of the Lipika,1 that may be read by any who possess
the " opened eye of Dangma." 2 It is the reflection of these akashic images
that may be thrown upon the screen of astral matter by the action of the
trained attention— as a picture may be thrown on a screen from a slide in a
magic-lantern—so that a scene from the past may be reproduced in all its
living reality, correct in every detail of its far-off happening; for in the
akashic records it exists, imprinted there once for all, and a fleeting
living picture of any page of these records can be made at pleasure,
dramatized on the astral
1 The Secret Doctrine, i, 157-159.
1 Ibid., stanza i, of the Book of Dzyan, and see Conclusion.
27
plane, and lived in by the trained Seer. If this imperfect description be
followed by the reader, he will be able to form for himself some faint idea
of karma in its aspect as cause. In the akasha will be pictured the mental
image created by a soul, inseparable from it; then the astro-mental image
produced by it, the active ensouled creature, ranging the astral plane and
producing innumerable effects, all accurately pictured in connection with
it, and, therefore, traceable to it and through it to its parent, each such
thread—spun as it were out of its own substance by the astro-mental image,
as a spider spins its web— being recognizable by its own shade of colour;
and however many such threads may be woven into an effect, each thread is
distinguishable and is traceable to its original forth-giver, the soul that
generated the mental image. Thus, for our clumsy earth-bound intelligences,
in miserably inadequate language, we may figure forth the way in which
individual responsibility is seen at a glance by the great Lords of karma,
the administrators of karmic law; the full responsibility of the soul for
the mental image it creates, and the partial responsibility for its
far-reaching effects, greater or less as each effect has other karmic
threads entering into its causation. Thus also may we understand why
28
motive plays a part so predominant in the working out of karma, and why
actions are so relatively subordinate in their generative energy; why karma
works out on each plane according to its constituents, and yet links the
planes together by the continuity of its thread.
When the illuminating concepts of the wisdom-religion shed their flood of
light over the world, dispersing its obscurity and revealing the absolute
justice which is working under all the apparent incongruities, inequalities
and accidents of life, is it any wonder that our hearts should go out in
gratitude unspeakable to the Great Ones-—blessed be they!—• who hold up the
torch of truth in the murky darkness, and free us from the tension that was
straining us to breaking point, the helpless agony of witnessing wrongs that
seemed irremediable, the hopelessness of justice, the despair of love ?
Ye are not bound! the Soul of Things is sweet,
The Heart of Being is celestial rest; Stronger than Woe is will: that which
was Good
Doth pass to Better—Best.
Such is the Law which moves to righteousness, Which none at last can turn
aside or stay;
The heart of it is Love, the end of it
Is Peace and Consummation sweet. Obey.
29
We may perhaps gain in clearness if we tabulate the threefold results of the
activity of the Soul that go to the making up of karma as cause, regarded in
principle rather than in detail. Thus we have during a life-period:
The results of these will be tendencies, capacities, activities,
opportunities, environment, etc., chiefly in future life-periods, worked out
in accordance with definite laws.
The Making of Karma in Detail
The soul in man, the ego, the maker of karma, must be recognized by the
student as a growing entity, a living individual, who increases in wisdom
and in
30
mental stature as he treads the path of his aeonian evolution; and the
fundamental identity of the higher and lower manas must be constantly kept
in mind. For convenience sake we distinguish between them, but the
difference is a difference of functioning activity and not of nature: the
higher manas is manas working on the spiritual plane, in possession of its
full consciousness of its own past; the lower manas is manas working, on
the psychic or astral plane, veiled in astral matter, vehicled in kama, and
with all its activities intermingled with and coloured by the desire nature;
it is to a great extent blinded by the astral matter that veils it, and is
in possession only of a portion of the total manasic consciousness, this
portion consisting—• for the vast majority—of a limited selection from the
more striking experiences of the one incarnation then in progress. For the
practical purpose of life as seen by most people, the lower manas is the " I
" and is what we term the Personal-Ego; the voice of conscience, vaguely
and confusedly regarded as supernatural, as the voice of God, is for them
the only manifestation of the higher manas on the psychic plane, and they
quite rightly regard it as authoritative, however mistaken they may be as to
its nature. But the student must realize that the lower manas is one with
31
the higher, as the ray is one with its sun; the sun-manas shines ever in the
heaven of the spiritual plane, the ray-manas penetrates the psychic plane;
but if they be regarded as two, otherwise than for convenience in
distinguishing their functioning, hopeless confusion will arise.
The ego then is a growing entity, an increasing quantity. The ray sent down
is like a hand plunged into water to seize some object and then withdrawn,
holding the object in its grasp. The increase in the Ego depends on the
value of the objects gathered by its outstretched hand, and the importance
of all its work when the ray is withdrawn is limited and conditioned by the
experiences gathered while that ray has been functioning on the psychic
plane. It is as though a labourer went out into a field, toiling in rain and
in sunshine, in cold and in heat, returning home at night; but the labourer
is also the proprietor, and all the results of his labour fill his own
granaries and enrich his own store. Each Personal-Ego is the immediately
effective part of the continuing or Individual-Ego, representing it in the
lower world, and necessarily more or less developed according to the stage
at which the Ego, as a totality or an individual, has arrived. If this be
clearly understood the sense of injustice to the
32
Personal-Ego in its succession to its karmic inheritance -—often felt as a
difficulty by the young student of Theosophy—will disappear; for it will be
realized that the Ego that made the karma reaps the karma, the labourer that
sowed the seed gathers in the harvest, though the clothes in which he worked
as sower may have worn out during the interval between the sowing and the
reaping; the Ego's astral garments have also fallen to pieces between seed
time and harvest, and he reaps in a new suit of clothes; but it is " he "
who sowed and who reaps, and if he sowed but little seed or seed badly
chosen, it is he who will find but a poor harvest when as reaper he goeth
forth.
In the early stages of the Ego's growth his progress will be extremely
slow,1 for he will be led hither and thither by desire, following
attractions on the physical plane; the mental images he generates will be
mostly of the passional class, and hence the astro-mental images will be
violent and short-lived rather than strong and far-reaching. According as
manasic elements enter into the composition of the mental image will be the
endurance of the astro-mental. Steady, sustained thought will form clearly
defined mental images, and correspondingly strong and enduring
1 See Birth and Evolution of the Soul.
33
astro-mental images, and there will be a distinct purpose in the life, a
clearly recognized ideal to which the mind is constantly recurring and on
which it continually dwells: this mental image will become a dominating
influence in the mental life, and the energies of the soul will be largely
directed by it.
Let us now study the making of karma by way of the mental image. During a
man's life he forms an innumerable assemblage of mental images; some are
strong, clear, continually reinforced by repeated mental impulses; others
are weak, vague, just formed and then as it were forsaken by the mind; at
death the soul finds itself possessed of myriads of these mental images, and
they vary in character as well as in strength and definiteness. Some are of
spiritual aspirations, longings to be of service, gropings after knowledge,
vows of self-dedication to the higher life; some are purely intellectual,
clear gems of thought, receptacles of the results of deep study; some are
emotional and passional, breathing love, compassion, tenderness, devotion,
anger, ambition, pride, greed; some are from bodily appetites, stimulated
by uncurbed desire, and represent thoughts of gluttony, drunkenness,
sensuality. Each soul has its own consciousness, crowded with these mental
images,
34
the outcome of its mental life; not one thought, however fleeting, but is
there represented; the astro-mental images may in many cases long have
perished, may have had strength enough to endure but for a few hours, but
the mental images remain among the possessions of the soul, not one is
lacking. All these mental images the soul carries away with it, when it
passes through death into the astral world.
The kama loka, or place of desire, is divided into many strata as it were,
and the soul just after death is encumbered with its complete body of
desire, or kama rupa, and all the mental images formed by kama-manas that
are of a gross and animal nature are powerful on the lowest levels of this
astral world. A poorly developed soul will dwell on these images and act
them out, thus preparing itself to repeat them again physically in its next
life; a man who has dwelt on sensual thoughts and made such mental images
will not only be drawn to earth scenes connected with sensual
gratifications, but will constantly be repeating them as actions in his
mind, and so setting up in his nature stronger and stronger impulses towards
the future commission of similar offences. So with other mental images
formed from material supplied by the desire-nature, that belong to other
levels in kama
35
loka. As the soul rises from the lower levels to the higher, the mental
images built from the materials of the lower levels lose these elements,
thus becoming latent in consciousness, or what H. P. Blavatsky used to call
" privations of matter ", capable of existing but out of material
manifestation. The kama-rupic vesture is purified of its grosser elements as
the Lower Ego is drawn upwards, or inwards, towards the deva-chanic region,
each cast-off " shell " disintegrating in due course, until the last is
doffed and the ray is completely withdrawn, free from all astral
encasement. On the return of the Ego towards earth-life, these latent
images will be thrown outwards and will attract to themselves the
appropriate kamic materials, which make them capable of manifestation on the
astral plane, and they will become the appetites, passions and lower
emotions of his desire-body for his new incarnation.
We may remark in passing that some of the mental images encircling the newly
arrived soul are the source of much trouble during the earlier stages ot the
postmortem life; superstitious beliefs presenting themselves as mental
images torture the soul with pictures of horrors that have no place in its
real surroundings.1
1 See The Astral Plane, C. W. Leadbeater, pp. 45, 46.
36
All the mental images formed from the passions and appetites are subjected
to the process above described, to be remanifested by the ego on its return
to earth-life, and as the writer of the Astral Plane says:
The LIPIKA, the great Karmic deities of the Kosmos, weigh the deeds of each
personality when the final separation of its principles takes place in Kama
Loka, and give as it were the mould of the Etheric Double exactly suitable
to its Karma for the man's next birth.1
Freed for the time from these lower elements, the soul passes on into
devachan, where it spends a time proportionate to the wealth or poverty of
its mental images pure enough to be carried into that region. Here it finds
again every one of its loftier efforts, however brief it may have been,
however fleeting, and here it works upon them, building out of these
materials powers for its coming lives.
The devachanic life is one of assimilation; the experiences collected on
earth have to be worked into the texture of the soul, and it is by these
that the ego grows; its development depends on the number and variety of the
mental images it has formed during its earth-life, and transmuted into their
appropriate and more permanent types. Gathering together all the mental
images of a special class, it extracts from them
1 See The Astral Plane, C. W. Leadbeater, p. 86.
37
their essence; by meditation it creates a mental organ and pours into
it as faculty the essence it has extracted. For instance:
a man has formed many mental images out of aspirations for knowledge and
efforts to understand subtle and lofty reasonings; he casts off his body,
his mental powers being of only average kind; in his devachan he works on
all these mental images, and evolves them into capacity, so that his
soul returns to earth with a higher mental apparatus than it before
possessed, with much increased intellectual powers, able to achieve
tasks for which before it was utterly inadequate. This is the
transformation of the mental images, by which as mental images they
cease to exist; if in later lives the soul would seek to see again these as
they were, it must seek them in the karmic records, where they remain
for ever as akashic images. By this transformation they cease to be
mental images created and worked on by the soul, and become powers of the
soul, part of its very nature. If then a man desires to possess higher
mental faculties than he at present enjoys, he can ensure their
development by deliberately willing to acquire them, persistently keeping
their acquirement in view, for desire and aspiration in one life become
faculty in another, and the will to perform becomes the capacity
38
to achieve. But it must be remembered that the faculty thus built is
strictly limited by the materials supplied to the architect; there is no
creation out of nothing, and if the soul on earth fails to exercise its
powers by sowing the seed of aspiration and desire, the soul in devachan
will have but scanty harvest.
Mental images which have been constantly repeated, but are not of the
aspiring character, of the longing to achieve more than the feeble powers of
the soul permit, become tendencies of thought, grooves into which mental
energy runs easily and readily. Hence the importance of not letting the mind
drift aimlessly among insignificant objects, idly creating trivial mental
images, and letting them dwell in the mind. These will persist and form
channels for future outpourings of mental force which will thus be led to
meander about on low levels running into the accustomed grooves, as the
paths of least resistance.
The will or desire to perform a certain action, such will or desire having
been frustrated, not by want of ability but by want of opportunity, or by
circumstances forbidding accomplishment, will cause mental images which—if
the action be of a high and pure nature— will be acted out in thought on the
devachanic plane, and will be precipitated as actions on returning to
39
earth. If the mental image was formed out of desire to do beneficent
actions, it would give rise to the mental performance of these actions in
devachan; and this performance, the reflection of the image itself, would
leave it in the Ego as an intensified 'mental image of an action, which
would be thrown out on to the physical plane as a physical act, the moment
the touch of favourable opportunity precipitated this crystallization of
the thought into the act. The physical act is inevitable when the mental
image has been realized as action on the devachanic plane. The same law
applies to mental images formed out of baser desires, though these never
pass into devachan, but are subjected to the process before described, to be
reformed on the way back to earth. Repeated covetous desires, for instance,
out of which mental images are formed, will crystallize out as acts of
theft, when circumstances are propitious. The causative karma is complete,
and the physical act has become the inevitable effect, when it has reached
the stage at which another repetition of the mental image means its passing
into action. It must not be forgotten that repetition of an act tends to
make the act automatic, and this law works on planes other than the
physical; if then an action be constantly repeated on the psychic plane it-
40
will become automatic, and when opportunity offers will automatically be
imitated on the physical. How often it is said after a crime, " It was done
before I thought ", or " If I had thought for a moment I would never have
done it"! The speaker is quite right in his plea that he was not then moved
by a deliberate thought-out idea, and he is naturally ignorant as to
preceding thoughts, the train of causes that led up to the inevitable
result. Thus a saturated solution will solidify if but one more crystal be
dropped into it; at the mere contact, the whole passes into the solid state.
When the aggregation of mental images has reached saturation point, the
addition of but one more solidifies them into an act. The act, again, is
inevitable, for the freedom of choice has been exhausted in choosing over
and over again to make the mental image, and the physical is constrained to
obey the mental impulsion. The desire to do in one life reacts as compulsion
to do in another, and it seems as though the desire worked as a demand upon
Nature, to which she responds by affording the opportunity to perform.1
The mental images stored up by the memory as the experiences through which
the soul has passed during its earth-life, the exact record of the action
upon it of
1 See the later section on the working out of karma.
41
the external world, must also be worked on by the soul. By study of these,
by meditation upon them, the soul learns to see their interrelations, their
value as translations to it of the workings of the Universal Mind in
manifested Nature; in a sentence, it extracts from them by patient thought
upon them all the lessons they have to teach—lessons of pleasure and pain,
of pleasure breeding pain and pain breeding pleasure, teaching the presence
of inviolable laws to which it must learn to conform itself. Lessons of
success and failure, of achievement and disappointment, of fears proving
groundless, of hopes failing realization, of strength collapsing under
trial, of fancied knowledge betraying itself as ignorance, of patient
endurance wresting victory from apparent defeat, of recklessness changing
into defeat apparent victory. Over all these things the soul ponders, and by
its own alchemy it changes all this mixture of experiences into the gold of
wisdom, so that it may return to earth as a wiser soul, bringing to bear on
the events which meet it in the new life this result of the experiences of
the old. Here again the mental images have been transmuted, and no longer
exist as mental images. They can only be recovered in their old form from
the karmic records.
42
It is from the mental images of experiences, and more especially from those
which tell how suffering has been caused by ignorance of law, that
conscience is born and is developed. The soul during its successive
earth-lives is constantly led by desire to rush headlong after some
attractive object; in its pursuit it dashes itself against law, and falls,
bruised and bleeding. Many such experiences teach it that gratifications
sought against law are but wombs of pain, and when in some new earth-life
the desire-body would fain carry the soul into enjoyment which is evil, the
memory of past experiences asserts itself as conscience, and cries aloud its
forbiddance, and reins in the hurrying horses of the senses that would
plunge heedlessly after the objects of desire. At the present stage of
evolution all but the most backward souls have passed through sufficient
experiences to recognize the broad outlines of " right " and " wrong," i.e.,
of harmony with the Divine Nature, and of discord, and on these main
questions of ethics a wide and long experience enables the soul to speak
clearly and definitely. But on many higher and subtler questions, belonging
to the present stage of evolution and not to the stages that lie behind us,
experience is still so restricted and insufficient that it has not yet been
worked up into
43
conscience, and the soul may err in its decision, however well intentioned
its effort to see clearly and to act rightly. Here its will to obey sets it
in line with the Divine Nature on the higher planes, and its failure to see
how to obey on the lower plane will be remedied for the future by the pain
it feels as it blunders up against the law: the suffering will teach it what
before it knew not, and its sorrowful experiences will be worked into
conscience, to preserve it from similar pain in the future, to give it the
joy of fuller knowledge of God in Nature, of self-conscious accord with the
Law of Life, of self-conscious co-operation in the work of evolution.
Thus far we see as definite principles of karmic law, working with mental
images as causes, that:
Aspirations and Desires become Capacities.
Repeated Thoughts „ Tendencies.
Wills to perform „ Actions.
Experiences ,, Wisdom.
Painful Experiences „ Conscience.
Karmic law working with astro-mental images seems better considered under
the head of the working out of karma, to which we will now turn.
44
The Working out of Karma
When the soul has lived out its devachanic life, and has assimilated all
that it can of the material gathered during its last period on earth, it
begins to be drawn again towards earth by the links of desire that bind it
to material existence. The last stage of its life-period now lies before it,
the stage during which it re-clothes itself for another experience of
earthly life, the stage that is closed by the gateway of birth.
The soul steps over the threshold of devachan into what has been
called the plane of reincarnation, bringing with it the result, small or
great, of its devachanic work. If it be but a young soul, it will have
gained but little; progress in the early stages of soul evolution is
slow to an extent scarcely realized by most students, and during
the babyhood of the soul life-day succeeds life-day in wearying succession,
each earth life sowing but little seed, each devachan ripening but
little fruit. As faculties develop, growth quickens at an ever
increasing rate, and the soul that enters devachan with a large store of
material, comes out of it with a large increase of faculty, worked out under
the general laws before stated. It issues from devachan clothed only in
that body of the soul that
45
endures and grows throughout the manvantara, surrounded by the aura that
belongs to it as an individual, more or less glorious, many-hued, luminous,
definite, and extensive, according to the stage of evolution reached by the
soul. It has been wrought in the heavenly fire, and conies forth as King
Soma.1
Passing on to the astral plane on its earthward journey, it clothes itself
anew in a body of desire, the first result of the workings out of its past
karma. The mental images formed during the past " from materials supplied by
the desire nature, that had become latent in consciousness, or what H. P.
Blavatsky used to call ' privations of matter,' capable of existing, but out
of material manifestation," are now thrown outwards by the soul, and
immediately attract to themselves from the matter of the astral plane the
kamic elements congenial to their natures, and " become the appetites,
passions, and lower emotions of his [the Ego's] desire body for his new
incarnation." a When this work is accomplished —a work sometimes very brief,
sometimes one that
1 A mystic name, full of meaning to the student who understands the part
played by Soma in some ancient mysteries.
• Ante, p. 35.
46
causes long delay—the Ego stands in the karmic vesture he has prepared for
himself, ready to be " clothed upon", to receive from the hands of the
agents of the great Lords of Karma the etheric double J built for him
according to the elements he has himself provided, after which shall be
shaped his physical body, the house which he must inhabit during his coming
physical life. The individual and the personal Ego are thus immediately
self-built, as it were—-what he thought on, that he has become; his
qualities, his " natural gifts ", all these appertain to him as the direct
results of his thinking; the man is in very truth self-created, responsible,
in the fullest sense of the word, for all that he is.
But this man is to have a physical and etheric body that will largely
condition the exercise of his faculties; he is to live in some environment,
and according to this will be his outward circumstances; he is to tread a
path marked out by the causes he has set going, other than those which
appear as effects in his faculties; he has to meet events joyful and
sorrowful, resulting from the forces he has generated. Something more than
his individual and personal nature
1 Formerly called the Linga Sharira, a name that gave rise to much
confusion.
47
seems here to be needed: how is the field to be provided for its energies?
How are the conditioning instruments and the reacting circumstances to be
found and adapted ?
We approach a region whereof little may be fitly said, in that it is the
region of mighty spiritual Intelligences, whose nature is far beyond the
scope of our very limited faculties, whose existence may indeed be known and
whose workings may be traced, but towards whom we stand much in the position
occupied by one of the least intelligent lower animals towards ourselves, in
that it may know that we exist but can have no conception of the scope and
workings of our consciousness. These -Great Ones are spoken of as the Lipika
and the Four Maharajahs. How little we can know of the Lipika may be seen
from the following:
The Lipika, a description of whom is given in Commentary 6 of Stanza IV, are
the Spirits of the Universe. . . . [They] belong to the most Occult portion
of cosmogenesis, which cannot be given here. Whether the Adepts—even the
highest—know this angelic order in the completeness of its triple degrees,
or only the lower one connected with the records of our world, is something
which the writer is unprepared to say, and she would rather incline to the
latter supposition. Of its highest grade one thing only is taught, the
Lipika are connected with Karma—being its direct Recorders.'
1 The Secret Doctrine, i, 153.
48
They are the " Second Seven ", and they keep the astral records, filled with
the akashic images before spoken of.1 They are connected
With the destiny of every man, and the birth of every child.1
They give " the mould of the Etheric Double ", 3 which will serve as the
type of the physical body suited for the expression of the mental and
passional faculties evolved by the Ego that is to dwell therein, and They
give it to " The Four "—to the Maharajahs, Who
Are the protectors of mankind arid also the agents of Karma on Earth.4
Of these H. P. Blavatsky, writes further, quoting the Fifth Stanza of the
Book of Dzyan:
Four " Winged Wheels at each corner. . . for the Four Holy Ones and Their
Armies (Hosts)." These are the " Four Maharajahs," or Great Kings of the
Dhyan Chohans, the Devas, Who preside over each of the four cardinal points.
. . . These Beings are also connected with Karma as the latter needs
physical and material agents to carry out its decrees.5
Receiving the mould—once more the " privation of matter"—-from the Lipika,
the Maharajahs choose
1 Ante, p. 25.
2 The Secret Doctrine, i, 131. ' Ante, p. 35.
lThe Secret Doctrine, i, 151. 'Ibid.,!, 147.
49
for the composition of the etheric double the elements suited to the
qualities that are to be expressed through it, and this etheric double thus
becomes a fitting karmic instrument for the Ego, giving it alike the basis
for expression of the faculties it has evolved, and the limitations imposed
upon it by its own past failures and wasted opportunities. This mould is
guided by the Maharajahs to the country, the race, the family, the social
surroundings, which afford the most suitable field for the working out of
the karma allotted to the particular life-span in question, that which the
Hindu calls the prarabdha, or beginning, karma; i.e., that which is to be
worked out in the opening life-period. In no one life can the accumulated
karma of the past be worked out—no one instrument could be formed, no
surroundings could be found, suitable for the expression of all the slowly
evolved faculties of the Ego, nor affording all the circumstances necessary
for reaping all the harvest sown in the past, for discharging all the
obligations contracted towards other Egos with whom the incarnating soul has
come into contact in the course of its long evolution. So much then of the
total karma as can be arranged for in one life-period, has a suitable
etheric double provided for it, the mould of that double being
50
guided to a suitable field. It is placed where the Ego may come into
relations with some of such Egos, with whom it has been related in its past,
as are present in, or are coming into, incarnation during its own
life-period. A country is chosen where the religious, political and social
conditions can be found which are suitable to some of its capacities, and
afford the field for the occurrence of some of the effects it has generated.
A race is selected—subject, of course, to the wider laws affecting
incarnation in races, into which we cannot here enter—of which the
characteristics resemble some of the faculties which are ripe for exercise,
of which the type befits the incoming soul. A family is found in which
physical heredity has evolved the kind of physical materials which, built
into the etheric double, will adapt themselves to its constitution; a family
of which the general or special physical organization will afford play to
the mental and passional natures of the Ego. Out of the manifold qualities
existing in the soul, and out of the manifold physical types existing in
the world, such can be selected as are adapted to each other, a suitable
casing can be built for the waiting Ego, an instrument and a field in which
some of his karma can be out-worked. Fathomless to our short plummet lines
as may be the knowledge and the
51
power required for such adaptations, we can yet dimly see that the
adaptations can be made, and that perfect justice can be done; the web of a
man's destiny may indeed be composed of threads that to us are innumerable,
and that may need to be woven into a pattern of to us inconceivable
complexity; a thread may disappear —it has only passed to the under side to
come to the surface again presently; a thread may suddenly appear —it has
only re-emerged on the upper side after a long transit underneath; seeing
but a fragment of the web, the pattern may to our short sight be
indistinguishable. As was written by the sage lamblichus:
What appears to us to be an accurate definition of justice does not also
appear to be so to the Gods. For we, looking to that which is most brief,
direct our attention to things present, and to this momentary life, and the
manner in which it subsists. But the Powers that are superior to us know the
whole life of the Soul, and all its former lives.1
This assurance that " perfect justice rules the world " rinds support from
the increasing knowledge of the evolving soul; for as it advances and begins
to see on higher planes and to transmit its knowledge to the waking
consciousness, we learn with ever-growing certainty, and therefore with
ever-increasing joy, that
1 On the Mysteries, iv, 4.
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the Good Law is working with undeviating accuracy, that its Agents apply it
everywhere with unerring insight, with unfailing strength, and that all is
therefore very well with the world and with its struggling souls. Through
the darkness rings out the cry, " All is well," from the watchmen souls who
carry the lamp of Divine Wisdom through the murky ways of our human city.
Some of the principles of the working out of the Law we can see, and a
knowledge of these will help us in the tracing out of causes, the
understanding of effects.
We have already seen that Thoughts build Character; let us next realize that
Actions make Environment.
Here we have to do with a general principle of far-reaching effect, and it
will be well to work it out a little into detail. By his actions man affects
his neighbours on the physical plane; he spreads happiness around him, or
he causes distress, increasing or diminishing the sum of human welfare. This
increase or diminution of happiness may be due to very different
motives—good, bad or mixed. A man may do an act that gives widespread
enjoyment from sheer benevolence, from a longing to give happiness to his
fellow creatures ; let us say that from such a motive he
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presents a park to a town, for the free use of its inhabitants; another may
do a similar act from mere ostentation, from desire to attract attention
from those who can bestow social honours (say, he might give it as purchase
money for a title); a third may give a park from mixed motives, partly
unselfish, partly selfish. The motives will severally affect these three
men's characters in their future incarnations, for improvement, for
degradation, for small results. But the effect of the action in causing
happiness to large numbers of people does not depend on the motive of the
giver; the people enjoy the park equally, no matter what may have prompted
its gift, and this enjoyment, due to the action of the giver, establishes
for him a karmic claim on Nature, a debt due to him that will be
scrupulously paid. He will receive a physically comfortable or luxurious
environment, as he has given widespread physical enjoyment, and his
sacrifice of physical wealth will bring him his due reward, the karmic fruit
of his action. This is his right; but the use he makes of his position, the
happiness he derives from his wealth and his surroundings, will depend
chiefly on his character, and here again the just reward accrues to him,
each seed bearing its appropriate harvest.
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Service rendered to the full measure of opportunity in one life will
produce, as effect, enlarged opportunities of service in another; thus one
who in a very limited sphere helped each who came in the way, would in a
future life be born into a position where openings for giving effective help
were many and far-reaching.
Again, wasted opportunities reappear transmuted as limitations of the
instrument, and as misfortunes in the environment. For instance, the brain
of the etheric double will be built defectively, thus bringing about a
defective physical brain; the ego will plan, but will find itself lacking in
executive ability, or will grasp an idea, but be unable to impress it
distinctly on the brain. The wasted opportunities are transformed into
frustrated longings, into desires which fail to find expression, into
yearnings to help, blocked by the absence of power to render it, whether
from defective capacity or from lack of occasion.
This same principle is often at work in the cutting away from tender care of
some well-loved child or idolized youth. If an ego treats unkindly or
neglects one to whom he owes affectionate duty and protection, or service of
any kind, he will but too likely again find himself born in close
relationship with the neglected
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one, and perhaps tenderly attached to him, only for early death to snatch
him away from the encircling arms; the despised poor relation may reappear
as the much-honoured heir, the only son, and when the parents find their
house left unto them desolate, they marvel at the " unequal ways of
Providence " that deprive them of their only one, on whom all their hopes
have been set, and leave untouched the many children of their neighbour. Yet
are the ways of karma equal, though past finding out, save for those whose
eyes have been opened.
Congenital defects result from a defective etheric double, and are life-long
penalties for serious rebellions against law, or for injuries inflicted upon
others. All such arise from the working of the Lords of Karma, and are the
physical manifestation of the deformities necessitated by the errors of the
Ego, by his excesses and defects, in the mould of the etheric double made by
them. So again from their just administration of the Law come the inwrought
tendency to reproduce a family disease, the suitable configuration of the
etheric double, and the direction of it to a family in which a given disease
is hereditary, and which affords the " continuous plasm " suitable to the
development of the appropriate germs.
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The development of artistic faculties—to take another type of quality—will
be answered by the Lords of Karma by the provision of a mould for the
etheric double after which a delicate nervous system can be physically
built, and often by the guiding of it to a family in whose members the
special faculty developed by the Ego has found expression, sometimes for
many generations. For the expression of such a faculty as that of music, for
instance, a peculiar physical body is needed, a delicacy of physical ear and
of physical touch, and to such delicacy an appropriate physical heredity
would be most conducive.
The rendering of service to man collectively as by some noble book or
speech, the spreading of elevating ideas by pen or tongue, is again a claim
upon the law, scrupulously discharged by its mighty Agents. Such help given
comes back as help bestowed on the giver, as mental and spiritual assistance
which is his by right.
We thus may grasp the broad principles of karmic working, the respective
parts played by the Lords of Karma and by the Ego itself in the destiny of
the individual. The Ego supplies all the materials, but the materials are
used by the Lords or by the Ego respectively according to their nature: the
latter builds up the character, gradually evolves itself; the former
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build the mould that limits, choose the environment, and generally adapt and
adjust, in order that the good law may find its unerring expression despite
the clashing wills of men.
Facing Karmic Results
Sometimes people feel, on first recognizing the existence of karma, that if
all be the working out of Law they are but helpless slaves of destiny.
Before considering how the Law may be utilized for the control of destiny,
let us study for a few moments a typical case, and see how necessity and
freewill—'to use the accepted terms—are both at work, and at work in
harmony.
A man comes into the world with certain inborn mental faculties, let us say
of an average type, with a passional nature that shows definite
characteristics, some good, some bad; with an etheric double and physical
body fairly well-formed and healthy, but of no specially splendid character.
These are his limitations, clearly marked out for him, and he finds himself
when he reaches manhood with this mental, passional, astral, physical "
stock-in-hand ", and he has to do the best he can with it. There are many
mental heights
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that he is definitely unable to climb, mental conceptions which his powers
do not permit him to grasp; there are temptations to which his passional
nature yields, though he strives against them; there are
triumphs of physical strength and skill that he cannot achieve; in fact, he
finds that he can no more think as a genius thinks than he can be beautiful
as an Apollo. He is within a limiting ring and cannot pass out of it, long
as he may for liberty. Moreover, he cannot avoid troubles of
many kinds; they strike him, and he can only bear his pain; he cannot escape
from it. Now these things are so. The man is limited by his past
thoughts, by his wasted opportunities, by his mistaken choices, by
his foolish yieldings; he is bound by his forgotten desires,
enchained by his errors of an earlier day. And yet he is
not bound, the Real Man. He who made the past that imprisons his
present, can work within the prison house and create a future of
liberty. Nay, let him know that he himself is free, and the fetters will
crumble away from his limbs, and according to the measure of his knowledge
will be the illusoriness of his bonds. But for the ordinary man to
whom the knowledge will come as a spark, not as a flame, the first step
towards freedom will be to accept his limitations as self-made and proceed
to
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enlarge them. True, he cannot think as a genius thinks just yet, but he can
think to the very best of his ability, and by-and-by he will become a
genius; he can make power for the future, and he will. True, he cannot get
rid of his passional follies in a moment, but he can fight against them, and
when he has failed he can fight on, certain that presently he will conquer.
True, he has astral and physical weaknesses and uglinesses, but as his
thoughts grow strong and pure and beautiful, and his work beneficent, he is
ensuring for himself more perfect forms in days to come. He is always
himself, the free soul, in the midst of his prison house, and he can hew
down the walls he himself has built. He has no gaoler save himself: he can
will his freedom, and in willing it he will achieve.
A trouble meets him; he is bereaved of a friend, he commits a serious fault.
Be it so; he sinned as thinker in the past, he suffers as actor in the
present. But his friend is not lost; he will hold him fast by love and in
the future he will find him again; meanwhile there are others around him to
whom he can give the services he would have showered on his beloved, and he
will not again neglect the duties that are his and so sow seed for similar
loss in future lives. He has committed an open wrong and suffers its
penalty, but he thought it in the
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past, else could he not have wrought it now: he will patiently endure the
penalty he purchased by his thought, and will so think today that his
morrows shall be free from shame. Into what was darkness has come a ray of
light, and the light is singing to him:
Ho! ye who suffer! know
Ye suffer from yourselves. None else compels.
The law that seemed to be fetters has become wings, and by it he can rise to
regions of which without it he could only dream.
Building the Future
The crowds of souls drift onwards along the sluggish current of time. As the
earth rolls, it carries them with it; as globe succeeds globe, they too pass
on. But the wisdom religion is proclaimed anew to the world that all who
choose may cease to drift, and may learn to outstrip the slow evolution of
the worlds.
The student, when he grasps something of the meaning of the law, of its
absolute certainty, of its unerring exactitude, begins to take himself in
hand and actively to superintend his own evolution. He scrutinizes his own
character, and then proceeds to manipulate it, deliberately practising
mental and moral qualities,
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enlarging capacities, strengthening weaknesses, supplying deficiencies,
removing excrescences. Knowing that he becomes that on which he meditates,
he deliberately and regularly meditates on a noble ideal, for he
understands why the great Christian initiate Paul bade his disciples "
think on" the things that are true, honest, just, pure, lovely, and of good
report. Daily he will meditate on his ideal; daily he will strive to live
it; and he will do this persistently and calmly, " without haste, without
rest ", for he knows that he is building on a sure foundation, on the rock
of the eternal law. He appeals to the law; he takes refuge in the law; for
such a man failure exists not; there is no power in heaven or in earth that
can bar his way. During earth life he gathers his experiences, utilizing all
that comes in his way; during devachan he assimilates them and plans out
his future buildings.
Herein lies the value of a true theory of life, even while the theory rests
on the testimony of others and not on individual knowledge. When a man
accepts and partially understands the working of karma, he can at once begin
this building of character, setting each stone with deliberate care, knowing
that he is building for eternity. There is no longer hasty running up and
pulling down, working on one plan today,
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on another tomorrow, on none at all the day after; but there is a drafting
of a well thought out scheme of character, as it were, and then the building
according to the scheme, for the soul becomes an architect as well as a
builder, and wastes no more time in abortive beginnings. Hence the speed
with which the later stages of evolution are accomplished, the striking,
almost incredible advances, made by the strong soul in its manhood.
Moulding Karma
The man who has set himself deliberately to build the future will realize,
as his knowledge increases, that he can do more than mould his own
character, thus making his future destiny. He begins to understand that he
is at the centre of things in a very real sense, a living, active,
self-determining being, and that he can act upon circumstances as well as
upon himself. He has long been accustoming himself to follow the great
ethical laws, laid down for the guidance of humanity by the Divine Teachers,
who have been born from age to age, and he now grasps the fact that these
laws are based on fundamental principles in Nature, and that morality is
Science applied to conduct. He sees that in his
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daily life he can neutralize the ill results that would follow from some ill
deed, by bringing tc bear upon the same point a corresponding force for
good. A man sends against him an evil thought; he might meet it with another
of its own kind, and then the two thought-forms, running together like two
drops of water, would be reinforced, strengthened, each by each. But this
one against whom the evil thought is flying is a knower of karma, and he
meets the malignant form with the force of compassion and shatters it; the
broken form can no longer be ensouled with elemental life; the life melts
back to its own, the form disintegrates; its power for evil is thus
destroyed by compassion, and " hatred ceases by love". Delusive forms of
falsehood go forth into the astral world; the man of knowledge sends against
them forms of truth; purity breaks up foulness, and charity selfish greed.
As knowledge increases, this action becomes direct and purposive, the
thought is aimed with definite intent, winged with potent will. Thus evil
karma is checked in its very inception, and naught is left to make a karmic
tie between the one who shot a shaft of injury and the one who burned it up
by pardon. The Divine Teachers, who spoke as men having authority on the
duty of overcoming evil with good, based their
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precepts on their knowledge of the law; Their followers who obey without
fully seeing the scientific foundation of the precept, lessen the heavy
karma that would be generated if they answered hate with. hate. But men of
knowledge deliberately destroy the evil forms, understanding the facts on
which the teaching of the Masters has ever been based, and sterilizing the
seed of evil, they prevent a future harvest of pain.
At a stage which is comparatively advanced in comparison with that of the
slowly drifting, average humanity, a man will not only build his own
character and work with deliberate intent on the thought-forms that come in
his way, but he will begin to see the past and thus more accurately to gauge
the present, tracing karmic causes onwards to their effects. He becomes able
to modify the future by consciously setting forces to work, designed to
interact with others already in motion. Knowledge enables him to utilize law
with the same certainty with which scientists utilize it in every department
of Nature.
Let us pause for a moment to consider the laws of motion. A body has been
set in motion, and is moving along a definite line; if another force be
brought to bear upon it, differing in direction from the one that gave it
its initial impulse, the body will move
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along another line—a line compounded of the two impulses; no energy will be
lost, but part of the force which gave the initial impulse will be used up
in partially counteracting the new, and the resultant direction along which
the body will move will be that neither of the first force nor of the
second, but of the interplay of the two. A physicist can calculate exactly
at what angle he must strike a moving body in order to cause it to move in a
desired direction, and although the body itself may be beyond his immediate
reach, he can send after it a force of calculated velocity to strike it at a
definite angle, thus deflecting it from its previous course, and impelling
it along a new line. In this there is no violation of law, no interference
with law; only the utilization of law by knowledge, the bending of natural
forces to accomplish the purpose of the human will. If we apply this
principle to the moulding of karma, we shall readily see—-apart from the
fact that law is inviolable—that there is no " interference with karma",
when we modify its action by knowledge. We are using karmic force to affect
karmic results, and once more we conquer Nature by obedience.
Let us now suppose that the advanced student, glancing backwards over the
past, sees lines of past karma
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converging to a point of action of an undesirable kind; he can introduce a
new force among the converging energies, and so modify the event, which must
be the resultant of all the forces concerned in its generation and ripening.
For such action he requires knowledge, not only the power to see the past
and to trace the lines which connect it with the present, but also to
calculate exactly the influence that the force he introduces will exercise
as modifying the resultant, and further the effects that will flow from this
resultant considered as cause. In this way he may lessen or destroy the
results of evil wrought by himself in the past, by the good forces he pours
forth into his karmic stream; he cannot undo the past, he cannot destroy it,
but so far as its effects are still in the future he can modify them or
reverse them, by the new forces he brings to bear as causes taking part in
their production. In all this he is merely utilizing the law, and he works
with the certainty of the scientist, who balances one force against another
and, unable to destroy a unit of energy, can yet make a body move as he will
by a calculation of angles and of movements. Similarly karma may be
accelerated or delayed, and thus again will undergo modification by the
action of the surroundings amid which it is worked out.
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Let us put the same thing again a little differently, for the conception is
an important and a fruitful one. As knowledge grows, it becomes easier and
easier to get rid of the karma of the past. Inasmuch as causes which are
working out to their accomplishment, all come within the sight of the soul
which is approaching its liberation, as it looks back over past lives, as it
glances down the vista of centuries along which it has been slowly climbing,
it is able to see there the way in which its bonds were made, the causes
which it set in motion: it is able to see how many of those causes have
worked themselves out and are exhausted, how many of those causes are still
working themselves out. It is able not only to look backwards but also to
look forwards and see the effects these causes will produce; so that,
glancing in front, the effects that will be produced are seen, and glancing
behind, the causes that will bring about these effects are also visible.
There is no difficulty in the supposition that just as you find in ordinary
physical nature that knowledge of certain laws enables us to predict a
result, and to see the law that brings that result about, so we can transfer
this idea on to a higher plane, and can imagine a condition of the developed
soul, in which it is able to see the karmic causes that it has set going
behind
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it, and also the karmic effects through which it has to work in the future.
With such a knowledge of causes, and a vision of their working out, it is
possible to introduce fresh causes to neutralize these effects, and by
utilizing the law, and by relying absolutely on its unchanging and unvarying
character, and by a careful calculation of the force set going, to make the
effects in the future those which we desire. That is a mere matter of
calculation. Suppose vibrations of hatred have been set going in the past,
we can deliberately set to work to quench these vibrations, and to prevent
their working out into the present and future, by setting up against them
vibrations of love. Just in the same way as we can take a wave of sound, and
then a second wave, and setting the two going one slightly after the other,
so that the vibrations of the denser part of the one shall correspond to the
rarer part of the other, and thus out of sounds we can make silence by
interference, so in the higher regions it is possible by love and hate
vibrations, used by knowledge and controlled by will, to bring karmic causes
to an ending and so to reach equilibrium, which is another word for
liberation. That knowledge is beyond the reach of the enormous majority.
What the majority can do is this, if they
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choose to utilize the science of the soul, they may take the evidence of
experts on this subject, they may take the moral precepts of the great
religious Teachers of the world, and by obedience to these precepts—to which
their intuition responds although they may not understand the method of
their working—they may effect in the doing that which also may be effected
by distinct and deliberate knowledge. So devotion and obedience to a Teacher
may work towards liberation as knowledge might otherwise do.
Applying these principles in every direction the student will begin to
realize how man is handicapped by ignorance, and how great is the part
played by knowledge in human evolution. Men drift because they do not know;
they are helpless because they are blind; the man who would finish his
course more rapidly than will the common mass of men, who would leave the
slothful crowd behind " as the racer leaves the hack ", he needs wisdom as
well as love, knowledge as well as devotion. There is no need for him to
wear out slowly the links of chains forged long ago; he can file them
swiftly through, and be rid of them as effectively as though they slowly
rusted away to set him free.
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The Ceasing of Karma
Karma brings us ever back to rebirth, binds us to the wheel of births and
deaths. Good karma drags us back as relentlessly as bad, and the chain which
is wrought out of our virtues holds as firmly and as closely as that forged
from our vices. How then shall the weaving of the chain be put an end to,
since man must think and feel as long as he lives, and thoughts and feelings
are ever generating karma? The answer to this is the great lesson of the
Bhagavad Gita, the lesson taught to the warrior prince. Neither to hermit
nor to student was that lesson given, but to the warrior striving for
victory, the prince immersed in the duties of his state.
Not in action but in desire, not in action but in attachment to its fruit,
lies the binding force of action. An action is performed with desire to
enjoy its fruit, a course is adopted with desire to obtain its results; the
soul is expectant and Nature must reply to it, it has demanded and Nature
must award. To every cause is bound its effect, to every action its fruit,
and desire is the cord that links them together, the thread that runs
between. If this could be burned up the connection would cease, and when
all the bonds of the heart
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are broken the soul is free. Karma can then no longer hold it; karma can
then no longer bind it; the wheel of cause and effect may continue to turn,
but the soul has become the liberated Life.
Without attachment, constantly perform action which is duty, for performing
action without attachment, man verily reacheth the Supreme.1
To perform this karma-yoga-—-yoga of action—as it is called, man must
perform every action merely as duty, doing all in harmony with the Law.
Seeking to conform to the Law on any plane of being on which he is busied,
he aims at becoming a force working with the Divine Will for evolution, and
yields a perfect obedience in every phase of his activity. Thus all his
actions partake of the nature of sacrifice, and are offered for the turning
of the Wheel of the Law, not for any fruit that they may bring; the action
is performed as duty, the fruit is joyfully given for the helping of men;
he has no concern with it, it belongs to the Law, and to the Law he leaves
it for distribution.
And so we read:
Whose works are all free from the moulding of desire, whose actions are
burned up by the fire of wisdom, he is called a Sage by the spiritually
wise.
1 Bhagavad Gita, iii, 19.
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Having abandoned all attachment to the fruit of action, always content,
seeking refuge in none, although doing actions, he, is not doing anything.
Free from desire, his thoughts controlled by the SELF, having abandoned all
attachment, performing action by the body alone, he doth not commit sin.
Content with whatsoever he receiveth, free from the pairs of opposites,
without envy, balanced in success and failure, though he hath acted he is
not bound;
For with attachment dead, harmonious, his thoughts established in wisdom,
his works, sacrifices, all his actions melt away.1
Body and mind work out their full activities; with the body all bodily
action is performed, with the mind all mental; but the SELF remains serene,
untroubled, lending not of its eternal essence to forge the chains of time.
Right action is never neglected, but is faithfully performed to the limit of
the available power, renunciation of attachment to the fruit not implying
any sloth or carelessness in acting:
As the ignorant act from attachment to action, O Bharata, so should the wise
act without attachment, desiring the maintenance of mankind.
Let no wise man unsettle the mind of ignorant people attached to action: but
acting in harmony (with Me) let him render all action attractive.8
The man who reaches this state of " inaction in action ", has learned the
secret of the ceasing of karma: he destroys by knowledge the action he has
generated
1 Bhagavad Gita, iv, 19-23. 2 Ibid., iii, 25, 26.
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in the past, he burns up the action of the present by devotion. Then it is
that he attains the state spoken of by " John the divine " in Revelation, in
which the man goeth no more out of the Temple. For the soul goes out of the
Temple many and many a time into the plains of life, but the time arrives
when he becomes a pillar, " a pillar in the Temple of my God "; that Temple
is the universe of liberated souls, and only those who are bound to nothing
for themselves can be bound to everyone in the name of the One Life.
These bonds of desire then, of personal desire, nay of individual desire,
must be broken. We can see how the breaking will begin; and here conies in a
mistake which many young students are apt to fall into, a mistake so natural
and easy that it is constantly occurring. We do not break the " bonds of the
heart" by trying to kill the heart. We do not break the bonds of desire by
trying to turn ourselves into stones or pieces of metal unable to feel. The
disciple becomes more sensitive, and not less so, as he nears his
liberation, he becomes more tender and not more hard; for the perfect "
disciple who is as the Master" is the one who answers to every thrill in the
outside universe, who is touched by and responds to everything, who feels
and answers to everything, who just because he desires
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nothing for himself is able to give everything to all. Such a one cannot be
held by karma, he forges no bonds to bind the soul. As the disciple becomes
more and more a channel of Divine Life to the world, he asks nothing save to
be a channel, with wider and wider bed along which the great Life may flow:
his only wish is that he may become a larger vessel, with less of obstacle
in himself to hinder the outward pouring of the Life; working for nothing
save to be of service, that is the life of discipleship, in which the bonds
that bind are broken.
But there is one bond that breaks not ever, the bond of that real unity
which is no bond, for it cannot be distinguished as separate, that which
unites the One to the All, the disciple to the Master, the Master to his
disciple; the Divine Life which draws us ever onwards and upwards, but binds
us not to the wheel of birth and death. We are drawn back to earth—first by
desire for what we enjoy there, then by higher and higher desires which
still have earth for their region of fulfillment—for spiritual knowledge,
spiritual growth, spiritual devotion. What is it, when all is accomplished,
that still binds the Masters to the world of men ? Not anything that the
world can offer them. There is no knowledge on earth they have not; there is
no power
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on earth that they wield not; there is no further experience that might
enrich their lives; there is nothing that the world can give them, that can
draw them back to birth. And yet they come, because a divine compulsion that
is from within and from without sends them to the earth-—-which otherwise
they might leave for ever—to help their brethren, to labour century after
century, millennium after millennium, for the joy and service that make
their love and peace ineffable with nothing that the earth can give them,
save the joy of seeing other souls growing into their likeness, beginning to
share with them the conscious life of God.
Collective Karma
The gathering together of souls into groups, forming families, castes,
nations, races, introduces a new element of perplexity into karmic results,
and it is here that room is found for what are called " accidents " as well
as for the adjustments continually being made by the Lords of Karma. It
appears that while nothing can befall a man that is not " in his karma " as
an individual, advantage may be taken of, say, a national or a seismic
catastrophe to enable him to work off a piece of bad karma which would not
normally have
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fallen into the life-span through which he is passing; it appears—I can only
speak hereon speculatively, not having definite knowledge on this point—as
though sudden death could not strike off a man's body unless he owed such a
death to the Law, no matter into what whirl of catastrophic disaster he may
be hurled; he would be what is called " miraculously preserved" amid the
death and ruin that swept away his neighbours, and emerge unharmed from
tempest or fiery outbreak. But if he owed a life, and were drawn by his
national or family karma within the area of such a disturbance, then,
although such sudden death had not been woven into his etheric double for
that special life, no active interference might be made for his
preservation; special care would be taken of him afterwards that he might
not suffer unduly from his sudden snatching out of earth-life, but he would
be allowed to pay his debt on the arising of such an opportunity, brought
within his reach by the wider sweep of the Law, by the collective karma that
involves him.
Similarly, benefits may accrue to him by this indirect action of the Law, as
when he belongs to a nation that is enjoying the fruit of some good national
karma; and he may thus receive some debt owed to him by Nature, the payment
of which would not have fallen within
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his present lot had only his individual karma been concerned.
A man's birth in a particular nation is influenced by certain general
principles of evolution as well as by his immediate characteristics. The
soul in its slow development has not only to pass through the seven Root
Races of a globe (I deal with the normal evolution of humanity), but also
through the sub-races. This necessity imposes certain conditions, to which
the individual karma must adapt itself, and a nation belonging to the
sub-race through which the soul has to pass will offer the area within which
the more special conditions needed must be found. Where long series of
incarnations have been followed, it has been found that some individuals
progress from sub-race to sub-race very regularly, whereas others are more
erratic, taking repeated incarnations perhaps in one sub-race. Within the
limits of the sub-race, the individual characteristics of the man will draw
him towards one nation or another, and we may notice dominant national
characteristics re-emerging on the stage of history en bloc after the
normal interval of fifteen hundred years; thus crowds of Romans reincarnate
as Englishmen, the enterprising, colonizing, conquering, imperial instincts
reappearing as national attributes. A man in whom such national
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characteristics were strongly marked, and whose time for rebirth had come,
would be drafted into the English nation by his karma and would then share
the national destiny for good or for evil, so far as that destiny affected
the fate of an individual.
The family tie is naturally of a more personal character than is the
national, and those who weave bonds of close affection in one life tend to
be drawn together again as members of the same family. Sometimes these ties
recur very persistently life after life, and the destinies of two
individuals are very intimately interwoven in successive incarnations.
Sometimes, in consequence of the different lengths of the devachans
necessitated by differences of intellectual and spiritual activity during
the earth-lives spent together—members of a family may be scattered and may
not meet again until after several incarnations. Speaking generally, the
more close the tie in the higher regions of life, the greater the likelihood
of rebirth in a family group. Here again the karma of the individual is
affected by the inter-linked karmas of his family, and he may enjoy or
suffer through these in a way not inherent in his own life-karma, and so
receive or pay karmic debts, out-of-date, as we may say. So far as the
personality is concerned, this seems to bring with it a
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certain balancing up or compensation in kama-loka and devachan, in order
that complete justice may be done even to the fleeting personality.
The working out in detail of collective karma would carry us far beyond the
limits of such an elementary work as the present and far beyond the
knowledge of the writer; only these fragmentary hints can at present be
offered to the student. For precise understanding a long study of individual
cases would be necessary, traced through many thousands of years.
Speculation on these matters is idle; it is patient observation that is
needed.
There is, however, one other aspect of collective karma on which some word
may fitly be said; the relation between men's thoughts and deeds and the
aspects of external nature. On this obscure subject Mme. Blavatsky has the
following:
Following Plato, Aristotle explained that the term ffTOl^eia [elements] was
understood only as meaning the incorporeal princi« pies placed at each of
the four great divisions of our cosmical world, to supervise them. Thus, no
more than Christians do Pagans adore and worship the Elements and the
(imaginary) cardinal points, but the " Gods " that respectively rule over
them. For the Church, there are two kinds of Sidereal Beings, Angels and
Devils. For the Kabalist and Occultist there is one class, and neither
Occultist nor Kabalist makes any difference between the " Rectors of Light"
and the " Rectores Tenebrarum," or Cosmocratores, whom the Roman Church
imagines and discovers in the " Rectors of Light," as soon as any one of
them is called by another name than the one she addresses him by. It is not
the Rector, or Maharajah, who punishes or rewards, with
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or without " God's " permission or order, but man himself—his deeds, or
Karma attracting individually and collectively (as in the case of whole
nations sometimes) every kind of evil and calamity. We produce Causes, and
these awaken the corresponding powers in the Sidereal World, which are
magnetically and irresistibly attracted to—and react upon—those who produce
such causes; whether such persons are practically the evil-doers, or, simply
" thinkers " who brood mischief. For thought is matter, we are taught by
Modern Science; and "every particle of the existing matter must be a
register of all that has happened," as Messrs. Jevons and Babbage in their
Principles of Science tell the profane. Modern Science is every day drawn
more into the maelstrom of Occultism: unconsciously no doubt, still very
sensibly.
" Thought is matter ": not, of course, however, in the sense of the German
Materialist Moleschott, who assures us that " thought is the movement of
matter "—a statement of almost unparalleled absurdity. Mental states and
bodily states are utterly contrasted as such. But that does not affect the
position that every thought, in addition to its physical accompaniment
(brain-change), exhibits an objective—though to us supersensuously
objective—aspect on the astral plane.1
It seems that when men generate a large number of malignant thought-forms of
a destructive character, and when these congregate in huge masses on the
astral plane, their energy may be, and is, precipitated on the physical
plane, stirring up wars, revolutions, and social disturbances and upheavals
of every kind, falling as collective karma on their progenitors and
effecting widespread ruin. Thus then, collectively also man is the master of
his destiny, and his world is moulded by his creative action.
1 The Secret Doctrine, i, 148, 149.
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Epidemics of crime and disease, cycles of accidents, have a similar
explanation. Thought-forms of anger aid in the perpetration of a murder;
these Elementals are nourished by the crime, and the results of the
crime—the hatred and the revengeful thoughts of those who loved the victim,
the fierce resentment of the criminal, his baffled fury when violently sent
out of the world—still further reinforce their host with many malignant
forms; these again from the astral plane impel an evil man to fresh crime,
and again the circle of new impulses is trodden, and we have an epidemic of
violent deeds. Diseases spread, and the thoughts of fear which follow their
progress act directly as strengthened of the power of the disease; magnetic
disturbances are set up and propagated, and react on the magnetic spheres of
people within the affected area. In every direction, in endless fashions, do
man's evil thoughts play havoc, as he who should have been a divine
co-builder in the Universe uses his creative power to destroy.
Conclusion
Such is an outline of the great Law of Karma and ot its workings, by a
knowledge of which a man may
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accelerate his evolution, by the utilization of which a man may free himself
from bondage, and become, long ere his race has trodden its course, one of
the helpers and saviours of the world. A deep and steady conviction of the
truth of this law gives to life an immovable serenity and a perfect
fearlessness: nothing can touch us that we have not wrought, nothing can
injure us that we have not merited. And as everything that we have sown must
ripen into harvest in due season, and must be reaped, it is idle to lament
over the reaping when it is painful; it may as well be done now as at any
future time, since it cannot be evaded, and, once done, it cannot return to
trouble us again. Painful karma may therefore well be faced with a joyful
heart, as a thing to be gladly worked through and done with; it is better to
have it behind us than before us, and every debt paid leaves us with less to
pay. Would that the world knew and could feel the strength that comes from
this resting on the Law! Unfortunately to most in the Western world it is a
mere chimera, and even among Theosophists belief in karma is more an
intellectual assent than a living and fruitful conviction in the light of
which the life is lived. The strength of a belief, says Professor Bain, is
measured by its influence on conduct, and
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belief in karma ought to make the life pure, strong, serene and glad. Only
our own deeds can hinder us; only our own will can fetter us. Once let men
recognize this truth, and the hour of their liberation has struck. Nature
cannot enslave the soul that by wisdom has gained power, and uses both in
love.
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